The GlioGene® test is recommended for all patients with gliomas, regardless of type, grade or age.
Modern brain tumor diagnostics rely on an integrated approach that combines traditional histopathology with key molecular and genetic markers. As defined in the WHO 2021 (5th edition) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, these molecular features are now essential elements of accurate tumour classification. Molecular profiling enhances traditional histologic assessment by adding critical diagnostic and prognostic insights that improve classification accuracy, guide treatment selection, and support informed clinical decision making. Gliogene® brings together the most clinically relevant biomarkers into a single, streamlined panel designed to support physicians at every step of the decision-making process.
What is gliomaGliomas are a genetically, histologically and clinically heterogeneous group of tumours, located in the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord) or in the peripheral nervous system. They can grow from different types of neuroglial cells and their subcategorisation is essential for the differential diagnosis, management and treatment of patients.
| 28 gene alterations | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATRX* | BRAF* | CDKN2A* | CDKN2B* | CIC* | CTNNB1* | EGFR* | ERBB2* | FUBP1* | H3F3A |
| HIST1H3B | HIST1H3C | IDH1 | IDH2 | MET | MYC | MYCN | MYD88 | NF1 | PTCH1 |
| SMARCB1 | SMARCA4 | SMO | SUFU | TERT | TP53 | TSC1 | TSC2 |
| 9 fusion transcripts | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALK | FGFR1 | FGFR2 | FGFR3 | NTRK1 | NTRK2 | NTRK3 | RET | ROS1 |
| MSI | ||||||||
| MGMT methylation status by Real Time PCR | ||||||||
| 1p19q status by FISH |
*CNV (amplification/deletion) analysis is included for these genes
The panel includes essential diagnostic biomarkers for WHO classification, which are essential for the accurate diagnosis of brain tumors, such as mutations in the IDH1/IDH2, ATRX, TP53 genes, and H3F3A gene, which encodes histone H3, as well as the 1p19q codeletion.
In addition, key predictive biomarkers such as MGMT methylation, BRAF alterations, EGFR/ERBB2 amplifications, and NTRK1/2/3, ALK, FGFR1/2/3 and RET fusions may help guide targeted treatment decisions.
Prognostic biomarkers include IDH1/IDH2 mutations, TERT promoter mutations, CDKN2A/CDKN2B deletions, MYC/MYCN amplifications, and TP53 alterations, which help estimate tumour behaviour and patient outcome.
Diagnosis-Related gene alterations, included in the panel, based on 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors
| Tumor Type | Genes Altered |
|---|---|
| Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant | IDH1, IDH2, ATRX, TP53, CDKN2A/B |
| Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, and 1p/19q-codeleted | IDH1, IDH2, 1p/19q, TERT promoter, CIC, FUBP1 |
| Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype | IDH-wildtype, TERT promoter, EGFR |
| Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young | BRAF, FGFR family |
| Diffuse low-grade glioma, MAPK pathway-altered | FGFR1, BRAF |
| Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered | H3 K27, TP53, PDGFRA |
| Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant | H3 G34, TP53, ATRX |
| Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype, and IDH-wildtype | IDH-wildtype, H3-wildtype, PDGFRA, MYCN, EGFR |
| Infant-type hemispheric glioma | NTRK family, ALK, ROS, MET |
| Pilocytic astrocytoma | KIAA1549-BRAF, BRAF, NF1 |
| High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features | BRAF, NF1, ATRX |
| Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma | BRAF, CDKN2A/B |
| Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma | TSC1, TSC2 |
| Ganglion cell tumors | BRAF |
| Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor | FGFR1 |
| Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor | FGFR1, PIK3CA, NF1 |
| Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor | KIAA1549-BRAF fusion |
| Dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos disease) | PTEN |
| Extraventricular neurocytoma | FGFR (FGFR1-TACC1 fusion), IDH-wildtype |
| Spinal ependymomas | NF2, MYCN |
| Medulloblastoma, WNT-activated | CTNNB1 |
| Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated | TP53, PTCH1, SUFU, SMO, MYCN |
| Medulloblastoma, non-WNT/non-SHH | MYC, MYCN |
| Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor | SMARCB1, SMARCA4 |
| Desmoplastic myxoid tumor of the pineal region, SMARCB1-mutant | SMARCB1 |
| Meningiomas | SMO, H3K27, TERT promoter, CDKN2A/B |
| Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma | CTNNB1 |
| Papillary craniopharyngioma | BRAF |
Differential diagnosis: The examination can help in the proper differential diagnosis of gliomas to determine the exact type of tumor. This is important as different types of gliomas have different treatment approaches and prognosis.
Forecast: The test can help in the prognosis of the disease to determine the patient’s life expectancy.
Mutations identified in the IDH1,2 genes are associated with better disease prognosis and benefit from radiotherapy, while mutations in the BRAF gene have been associated with response to BRAF inhibitor therapy. Methylation of the MGMT gene promoter confers a survival advantage, particularly in older patients with high-grade gliomas. This can help patients and their families to understand the situation better and make appropriate plans.
Selection of the appropriate treatment: Testing can help in choosing the appropriate treatment, as certain biomarkers correlate with response to specific treatments. Simultaneous co-deletion of chromosomal regions 1p & 19q gives a favourable prognosis of the disease and is predictive of response to alkylating systemic therapy.
The test uses modern molecular techniques such as NGS, FISH and Real-time PCR.
These technologies allow the simultaneous analysis of molecular biomarkers which, in combination with histopathological findings, provide a comprehensive picture for the better clinical management of each patient.
What types of cancer does it cover?
What is the turnaround time for my results?
10 working days
What type of sample is required for the test?
For the analysis of Gliogene® we need the paraffin cube from the tumor or alternatively uncolored paraffin sections coated on slides (air-dried, not oven-dried). More specifically, we need 4 sections of 3μm and 6 sections of 10μm.
Does any public/private insurance cover the test?
For information on test cost coverage you should contact your personal insurance or our company.
How do I make the payment for the test?
The Customer Service Department will provide you with a unique e-banking payment code, or payment can be made by card or bank transfer.
How can I send my sample?
Genekor is responsible for all necessary procedures for the receipt and return of your sample. To arrange sample collection and return, please contact us.
How will I get my results?
Your results will be shared with your doctor via a secure network and to you via e-mail with a secure unique code provided by customer service.
Why do I have to sign the consent form?
GeneKor I.A.E. is certified according to ISO 9001:2015 (ref. 041150049) and according to ELOT ISO/IEC 27001:2013 (ref. 048190009) by TUV NORD HELLAS, which requires the written consent of each patient for the use of his/her genetic material for testing.
It is also necessary to follow data protection regulations.
Our Customer Service Team is committed to answering your questions about the services offered by Genekor. If you are interested in any of the tests offered by Genekor, please contact us directly.
To complete the test, you are required to complete and send the Consent form that you will find here
For more scientific information please contact: scientific.support@genekor.com