The Gliogene® test is recommended for patients with gliomas
Modern brain tumor diagnostics rely on an integrated approach that combines traditional histopathology with key molecular and genetic markers. As defined in the WHO 2021 (5th edition) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, these molecular features are now essential elements of accurate tumour classification. Molecular profiling enhances traditional histologic assessment by adding critical diagnostic and prognostic insights that improve classification accuracy, guide treatment selection, and support informed clinical decision making. Gliogene® brings together the most clinically relevant biomarkers into a single, streamlined panel designed to support physicians at every step of the decision-making process.
What is glioma?Gliomas are a genetically, histologically, and clinically heterogeneous group of tumors arising in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). They originate from neuroglial cells and encompass multiple distinct subtypes. Accurate subcategorization based on histological and molecular features is essential for precise diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision-making.
| 28 gene alterations | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATRX* | BRAF* | CDKN2A* | CDKN2B* | CIC* | CTNNB1* | EGFR* | ERBB2* | FUBP1* | H3F3A |
| HIST1H3B | HIST1H3C | IDH1 | IDH2 | MET | MYC | MYCN | MYD88 | NF1 | PTCH1 |
| SMARCB1 | SMARCA4 | SMO | SUFU | TERT | TP53 | TSC1 | TSC2 |
*CNV (amplification/deletion) analysis is included for these genes
| 9 fusion transcripts | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALK | FGFR1 | FGFR2 | FGFR3 | NTRK1 | NTRK2 | NTRK3 | RET | ROS1 |
| MSI |
| MGMT methylation status by Real Time PCR |
| 1p19q status by FISH |
The panel includes essential diagnostic biomarkers for WHO classification, which are essential for the accurate diagnosis of brain tumors, such as mutations in the IDH1/IDH2, ATRX, TP53 genes, and H3F3A gene, which encodes histone H3, as well as the 1p19q codeletion.
In addition, key predictive biomarkers such as MGMT methylation, BRAF alterations, EGFR/ERBB2 amplifications, and NTRK1/2/3, ALK, FGFR1/2/3 and RET fusions may help guide targeted treatment decisions.
Prognostic biomarkers include IDH1/IDH2 mutations, TERT promoter mutations, CDKN2A/CDKN2B deletions, MYC/MYCN amplifications, and TP53 alterations, which help estimate tumour behaviour and patient outcome.
Diagnosis-Related gene alterations, included in the panel, based on 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors
| Tumor Type | Genes Altered |
|---|---|
| Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant | IDH1, IDH2, ATRX, TP53, CDKN2A/B |
| Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, and 1p/19q-codeleted | IDH1, IDH2, 1p/19q, TERT promoter, CIC, FUBP1 |
| Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype | IDH-wildtype, TERT promoter, EGFR |
| Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young | BRAF, FGFR family |
| Diffuse low-grade glioma, MAPK pathway-altered | FGFR1, BRAF |
| Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered | H3 K27, TP53, PDGFRA |
| Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant | H3 G34, TP53, ATRX |
| Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype, and IDH-wildtype | IDH-wildtype, H3-wildtype, PDGFRA, MYCN, EGFR |
| Infant-type hemispheric glioma | NTRK family, ALK, ROS, MET |
| Pilocytic astrocytoma | KIAA1549-BRAF, BRAF, NF1 |
| High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features | BRAF, NF1, ATRX |
| Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma | BRAF, CDKN2A/B |
| Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma | TSC1, TSC2 |
| Ganglion cell tumors | BRAF |
| Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor | FGFR1 |
| Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor | FGFR1, PIK3CA, NF1 |
| Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor | KIAA1549-BRAF fusion |
| Dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos disease) | PTEN |
| Extraventricular neurocytoma | FGFR (FGFR1-TACC1 fusion), IDH-wildtype |
| Spinal ependymomas | NF2, MYCN |
| Medulloblastoma, WNT-activated | CTNNB1 |
| Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated | TP53, PTCH1, SUFU, SMO, MYCN |
| Medulloblastoma, non-WNT/non-SHH | MYC, MYCN |
| Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor | SMARCB1, SMARCA4 |
| Desmoplastic myxoid tumor of the pineal region, SMARCB1-mutant | SMARCB1 |
| Meningiomas | SMO, H3K27, TERT promoter, CDKN2A/B |
| Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma | CTNNB1 |
| Papillary craniopharyngioma | BRAF |
Differential diagnosis: The test supports accurate differential diagnosis of gliomas by helping identify the tumor type. This is critical, as different glioma subtypes require distinct treatment approaches and are associated with different prognoses.
Prognosis: The test supports prognostic assessment by identifying molecular features associated with clinical outcomes.
Prediction of treatment response: The test identifies clinically relevant biomarkers associated with response to targeted and systemic therapies, supporting personalized treatment strategies.
The test uses advanced molecular techniques such as NGS, FISH and Real-time PCR.
These technologies allow the simultaneous analysis of molecular biomarkers which, in combination with histopathological findings, provide a comprehensive picture for the better clinical management of each patient.
What types of cancer does it cover?
Gliogene contributes to the comprehensive molecular characterization of gliomas by identifying key genomic alterations in a heterogeneous group of central nervous system tumors.
What is the turnaround time for my results?
10 working days
What type of sample is required for the test?
For the analysis of Gliogene® we need the paraffin cube from the tumor or alternatively uncolored paraffin sections coated on slides (air-dried, not oven-dried). More specifically, we need 4 sections of 3μm and 6 sections of 10μm.
Does any public/private insurance cover the test?
For information on test cost coverage you should contact your personal insurance or our company.
How do I make the payment for the test?
The Customer Service Department will provide you with a unique e-banking payment code, or payment can be made by card or bank transfer.
How can I send my sample?
Genekor is responsible for all necessary procedures for the receipt and return of your sample. To arrange sample collection and return, please contact us.
How will I get my results?
Your results will be shared with your doctor via a secure network and to you via e-mail with a secure unique code provided by customer service.
Why do I have to sign the consent form?
Genekor I.A.E. is certified according to ISO 9001:2015 (ref. 041150049) and according to ELOT ISO/IEC 27001:2013 (ref. 048190009) by TUV NORD HELLAS, which requires the written consent of each patient for the use of his/her genetic material for testing.
It is also necessary to follow data protection regulations.
Our Customer Service Team is committed to answering your questions about the services offered by Genekor. If you are interested in any of the tests offered by Genekor, please contact us directly.
To complete the test, you are required to complete and send the Consent form that you will find here
For more scientific information please contact: scientific.support@genekor.com